Edmund George Warland

New introduction by Christopher Weeks
Forward by F. E. Drury
Preface
Introduction
Abbreviations

SECTION I CONSTRUCTIONAL AND PRACTICAL MASONRY

DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS - The Axe; The Patent Axe; Batting Tool; Bevel or Shiftstock; Wood-handled Chisels; Gouge; Mallet-headed Chisels; Drafting Chisel; Boasters; Claw Chisels; Gouges; Points; Waster; Fillet and Moulding Chisels; Hammer-headed Tools; Hammer-headed Punch; Pitching Tools; Cup-headed Chisel; Marble Tools; Fauld's Patent Tools; Steel Wing-compasses; Centre Bob; Cock's Combs; Dummy; Drags; Braces and Archimedean Drills; Flat Bits; Iron Hammers; Spall Hammer; Jumpers; The Diamond Jumper; Flat Jumper; Lewising Tools; Masons' Spirit Level; Boxwood Fourfold Rules; Saws; Cross-cut Saws; Frig-bob Saws; Hand Saws; Whip Saws; Fillet Saws; Grub Saw; French Scraper; Steel Set-squares; Sinking-square; Double Stock Square; Straightedge; Trammel and Scriber; Box Trammel; Fixers’ Bedding Trowel.

DESCRIPTION OF MACHINES IN USE - Frame Saws; Diamond Saws; Duplex Saws; Twin-blade or Duplex Saws; Cross-cut Diamond Saw; Carborundum Saws; Planing and Moulding Machines; Rubbing Beds; Polishing Machines; Stone Turning.

DETAILS AND CONSTRUCTION - Foundations; Footings; Depth of Concrete; Width of Footings; Stone Footings and Walls; Stone-faced Walls; Damp-proof Courses; Construction of Piers; Stone Columns; Rubble Walls; Surface Finishings; Masonry Joints; Masonry Mitres; Ashlar Stops; Moulding Stops; Details for Window Openings; Window Jambs; Treatment of Stoolings; Construction of Lintols and Arches; Heads or Lintols supported by R.S.J.s; Stone Lintol with Secret Keyed Joints; Construction of Flat Arches; Construction of Pediments; Construction of Fascia Courses; Marble Wall Linings; Details of Marble Chimney-piece; Soffit Courses; Details for Gable; Details for Buttresses; Arches, Technical Terms and Descriptions; Construction of Oriel Windows; Tracery; Entablatures; Construction of Cornices; Coverings to Cornices; Details of Masonry Doorway; Construction of Stone Domes and Vaults; Construction of Stone Stairs.

HOISTING AND SETTING OF STONE - Scaffolding; Hoisting; Appliances for Lifting; Centering; Mortars; Limes and Cements.

PRINCIPLES OF STONE CUTTING - Coping or Splitting Stones; Preparation of Surface of Operation; Shaping the Stone; Working Concave and Convex Surfaces; Working Moulded Jamb Stone; Working Circular Mouldings; Working Return-end of Cornice; Working Moulded Window Sill; Working Voussoir for Arch; Working Keystone with Projecting Sloping Face; Working Voussoir for Semi-elliptical Skew Arch; Working a Column Stone by Hand; Working a Pediment Springer; Working a Moulded Base for Attached Column; Working Voussoir for Semicircular Arch in Cylindrical Wall; Working Niche Stone; Working Dome Stone; Working Stone for Pendentive Dome; Working Stone for Intersecting Vaults; Working Stone for Welch Groin; Working Stone for Interpenetration of Dome; Working Stone for Ramp and Twist Work.

BUILDING STONES - Classification of Rocks; Igneous Rocks; Composition of Granites; List of Granites; Aqueous Rocks; Classification of Sandstones; Limestones; Magnesium Limestones; Magnesium Sandstones; Metamorphic Rocks; Durability of Building Stones; Choosing a Building Stone; Current Bedding Planes or Natural Bed; Preservation of Stone.

SECTION II THE GEOMETRY OF MASONRY

PLANE GEOMETRY AND SETTING OUT - Properties of a Circle; Tangents to a Circle; Circles in Contact; Loci; Application to Tracery; Tracery Windows; Construction of Mouldings; The Ellipse; Tangents and Normals to the Ellipse; Semi-elliptical Arch; Semicircular Arch; Segmental Arch; Substitute for Semi-elliptical Curves; Tudor Arch; Rampant Arch; Setting Out Arches of Large Span; Enlarging and Reducing Mouldings by Radial or Polar Projection; Spiral Curves; Setting Out Ionic Volute; Entasis of Columns; Setting Out Ionic Capital.

SOLID AND DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY AND SETTING OUT - Orthographic Projection; Auxiliary Projection; Traces of a Plane; Angles between Lines and Planes; Intersection of Arch Mould and Splayed Jamb; Sections and Developments of Solids; Sections of a Cylinder; Development of the Surface of a Cylinder; Sections of a Cone; Development of the Surface of a Cone; Sections of a Sphere; Approximate Development of the Surface of a Sphere; Sections for Weathering Stone for Bridge Cut-water; Oblique Plane; Intersections of Planes; Application to Marble Window Lining Setting Out Marble Lining for Conical Head over Window Opening; Marble Lining for Niche; Intersections of Solids; The Geometry of Intersecting Vaults; Intersection of Cone and Pyramid; The Helix; Axial and Normal Sections of Helical Solids; Approximate Development for Joint Moulds; Setting Out of Pediment in Straight Wall; Setting out Segmental Pediment in Straight Wall; Setting Out Semi-elliptical Skew Arch; Setting Out Semicircular Arch in Cylindrical Wall; Setting Out Flat Arch with Projecting Key and Wing Stones in a Cylindrical Wall; Setting Out of Segmental Pediment in a Cylindrical Wall; Setting Out of Corbelling at Splayed Angle of Building; Setting Out Hemispherical Hooded Niche; Setting Out of Dome; Setting Out Dome Stone by Rectangular Block Method; Setting Out Pendentive Dome; Setting Out Ribbed Pendentive Ceiling; Setting Out Interpenetration of Dome; Setting Out Intersecting Vaults of Unequal Span; Setting Out Welch Groin or Lunette Vault; Ramp and Twist Work; Setting Out Wing-wall for Entrance Stair; Setting Out Plinth or Capping for a Geometrical Stair Balustrade; Setting Out Marble Cut String for Geometrical Stair; Setting Out Rib and Panel Vaulting; Setting Out Helicoidal Skew Arch.

SECTION III COSTING AND ESTIMATING

MASONRY COSTING AND ESTIMATING - Outline of Costing System; Estimating; Estimate for Portland Stone Doorway; Estimate for Marble Wall Lining for Bathroom; Estimate for Marble Work to Conical Head over Window Opening.

GLOSSARY