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Processes of Urban Stone Decay

Proceedings of SWAPNET ‘95 Stone Weathering and Atmospheric Pollution Network Conference held at The Queen’s University of Belfast 1995

Edited by B J Smith and P A Warke

 

Hardback £37.00  $74.00

Publication date 1996

288 pages

ISBN 978 1 873394 20 5

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Central to the solution of urban stone decay problems is a knowledge of the processes responsible, how they act and the factors that control them. Unless these processes are correctly diagnosed and fully understood, any remedial action may at best be ineffective or at worst may accelerate stone loss or increase visual damage. This volume offers a multi-disciplinary approach to the study of decay processes. It aims to show the range of current work and the possibilities for alternative approaches to problem solving.

Contents:
SECTION I - THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS:
  • Scale problems in the interpretation of urban stone decay B J Smith
  • Stone durability A V Turkington
  • Inheritance effects in stone decay P A Warke

SECTION II - MECHANISMS OF STONE DECAY

(A)Surface Change:

  • Black crusts formed during two different pollution regimes E Bell et. al.
  • The black soiling of sandstone buildings in the West Midlands, England: regional variations and decay mechanisms D P Halsey et.al. 
  • Aberdeen granite buildings: a study of soiling and decay D C M Urquhuart et. al.  
  • The fluorescence characteristics of algae commonly found on sandstone: application to algae mapping D McStay et.al.
  • Decay of sandstone colonised by an epilithic algal community R D Wakefield et.al.
  • Spatial variability of weathering on Portland limestone slabs A Shelford et.al.

(B) Physical Breakdown:

  • Background controls on stone decay in polluted environments: preliminary observations from Rio de Janeiro H Neill and B J Smith
  • Characterisation and decay of monumental sandstone in La Rioja, Northern Spain
    S Pavia Santamaria et.al.
  • The weathering of Wealden sandstone churches: a preliminary analysis D A Robinson and R B G Williams
  • Pore properties of limestones as controls on salt weathering susceptibility: a case study J P McGreevy.

SECTION III - ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION

(A) Analytical Methods:

  • Analytical techniques for the examination of building stone J J McAlister
  • Predicting the weathering of Portland limestone buildings T Yates and R Butlin
  • The permeability testing of masonry materials J Beggan et. al.
  • Methods for investigating stone decay mechanisms in polluted and ‘clean’ environments, Northern Ireland C A Moses
  • Errors associated with determining P and S acoustic wave velocities for rock weathering studies W Murphy et. al.

(B) Conservation Practice:

  • English Heritage’s current building conservation research J Fidler
  • A basis for evaluating the durability of new building stone A P Duffy and P O’Brien
  • Retreatment of consolidated stone A Nandiwada and C A Price
  • Defensive conservation: a phased strategy for protecting outdoor stone carvings in the north of Ireland M F Fry and A Martin.
  The editors:

Bernard J. Smith, School of Geosciences, The Queen's University, Belfast

His research interests centre around weathering in a variety of geomorphological settings. Most work at present is, however, concentrated on investigations into urban stone decay. These include: stress inheritance in stone, concepts of durability, microfracturing in granites, short-term exposure trials of building stones and the difficulties of projecting the long-term behaviour of stone in buildings. This work is supported by two current EPSRC grants on ‘the effects of surface alteration of stone on moisture and pollutant uptake’ and ‘The catastrophic decay of building sandstones’.

Patricia A. Warke, School of Geosciences, The Queen's University, Belfast

Her research Interests include: Rock weathering in hot, arid environments; and the application of data acquired from weathering studies under natural and laboratory conditions to building stone and monument decay in urban environments with particular interest in magnitude/frequency, changes in material properties over time and development of diagnostic/predictive models.

From the reviews:

...an extremely useful collection of data which would otherwise be extremely difficult to access.     ASCHB

 

...indispensable reading for anyone concerned with stone decay.     SPAB

 

...the book is worth the conservation professionals' attention as a means of enhancing their knowledge and understanding of stone and its performance  Context

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